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Civil Litigation

You will know what your civil case costs before it starts, from the settlement attempt to judgment.

We will represent you from the prior settlement attempt through to judgment.

§ 1

Approach

A case is prepared before it reaches the courtroom, and its price is known before the engagement is signed.

The settlement attempt is part of the engagement

We will make the settlement attempt the law requires before filing a claim, and in many matters the dispute is resolved there.

Payment order, simplified or ordinary

We will choose the right procedure for your case, including the payment order procedure where the debt is documented, at the same fixed price.

Claimant or defendant

Answering a claim well takes the same work as bringing one, so scope and price are the same in both positions.

§ 2

Engagement

Claimant or defendant
We will represent you from the prior settlement attempt through to judgment.
€2,000 + VAT
Per court schedule

El importe exacto se cierra en la hoja de encargo antes de pagar, con los gastos previsibles incluidos. Si el encargo se alarga, no pagas más.

Aviso de costas

Este encargo incluye actuación ante los tribunales y, en un pleito, existe riesgo de condena en costas: si el juzgado te quita la razón, puede obligarte a pagar los gastos de la otra parte.

Si te la da, las costas son para ti. Como no dependen de nosotros, preferimos no tenerlas en cuenta: nuestro precio cerrado es el mismo tanto si se gana como si se pierde.

Costs warning

This engagement involves proceedings before the courts and, in litigation, there is a risk of an adverse costs order: if the court finds against you, it may order you to pay the other side's costs.

If it finds for you, the costs are yours. Because they do not depend on us, we prefer to leave them out of the equation: our fixed fee is the same whether the case is won or lost.

§ 3

Process

How the engagement unfolds

Initial Consultation

A 60-minute working session by video call in which we analyse your situation, your specific needs and our ability to help you. We assess whether we can take on the matter and give you the fixed price in advance. You can book it directly through the Google Calendar link on our website and pay €90 by Stripe.

Strategy Memorandum

Document produced once the engagement is accepted, setting out the agreed legal strategy for the matter. It specifies the procedural approach, the main arguments, the evidence to be deployed and the objectives of the proceedings. It is the roadmap for the case and the reference point for any subsequent tactical decision.

Mandatory Pre-Litigation ADR (MASC)

A step required before court proceedings under Organic Law 1/2025 on measures for the efficiency of the Justice Service. Comprises the choice of a reasonable alternative dispute resolution mechanism, suited to the specific case and genuinely aimed at settlement, not merely at satisfying the admissibility requirement.

Statement of Claim (demanda)

Drafting and filing of the document initiating proceedings, in which the client's claims are brought, the facts are set out with legal precision and the relief sought is grounded in the applicable law and case law. Signed and filed before the competent court, with the documentary evidence properly ordered and referenced.

Statement of Defence (contestación)

Drafting and filing of the defence against the claim brought by the opposing party. Analyses the claimant's pleas, raises the applicable procedural and substantive objections and sets out the client's legal position together with the evidence supporting it. Includes a counterclaim where appropriate.

Case Monitoring

Ongoing attention to the matter between the main steps: deadline control, procedural or administrative follow-up, response to requests for correction and management of court notifications. The client hears from us each time there is a development in the file, and never has to ask in order to know what is happening.

Pre-Trial Hearing (audiencia previa)

Preparation for and attendance at the pre-trial hearing in ordinary civil proceedings under article 414 of the Spanish Civil Procedure Act: resolution of procedural defects, final definition of the subject matter of the dispute, and the proposal and admission of evidence. This is the step that sets the perimeter of the debate at trial, and where much of the outcome is decided.

Trial Hearing (vista)

Preparation for and attendance at the trial hearing: organisation of the evidence, formulation of closing submissions and oral defence of the client's claims before the court. Includes prior analysis of the evidentiary outcome, adjustment of the argumentative strategy and management of the proceedings through to notification of judgment.

§ 4

Team

Who handles it

Guillermo Passas Varo, founding partner of PASSAS

I see legal practice as a discipline of precision. I work where the law meets technology and cross-border operations, and I read code and contracts with the same attention. Before accepting an engagement I tell you whether it is worth pursuing and what it costs, at a fixed price.

David Sánchez Lorenzo, of counsel at PASSAS

I work where economic law meets technology: litigation, contracts and artificial intelligence systems. I am drawn to the ground where the rules are still being written, and I have brought that same rigour to litigation since my first year in practice.

§ 5

Questions

What people ask before instructing this service

How much does civil litigation cost in Spain?

From €2,000 + VAT, at a fixed price agreed in the engagement letter before we begin. It covers the whole procedure, simplified or ordinary, from the mandatory attempt at settlement through to the hearing and judgment. The fees of the procurador are not part of that headline figure, because each procurador sets them independently. Once appointed, they are folded into the fixed price in the engagement letter, which is the total you pay.

What is a procurador and why do I need one?

The procurador is the court agent who formally represents a party before the Spanish courts and handles service of documents. The role is distinct from that of the abogado, who conducts the case, and it is mandatory in most civil proceedings. Foreign clients routinely find the division unfamiliar, so we handle the appointment and set out the cost in the engagement letter.

Can you act for me if I live outside Spain?

Yes. The firm is fully digital and the Spanish courts operate electronically. You will need to grant a power of attorney, either before a notary in your own country with an apostille or by electronic appearance before the Spanish court. Hearings can often be attended by videoconference. We work with clients in Spanish, English, German and French, although the proceedings themselves are conducted in Spanish and foreign documents require a sworn translation.

What do I receive before paying?

A Strategy Memorandum setting out the procedural strategy and an honest assessment of the prospects, including what can go wrong. Our own fee does not change in any event: the fixed price stands whether the case is won or lost.

What if I would rather claim without going to court?

You can start with the Pre-action Debt Claim, from €600 + VAT.

What if I already have a judgment and I am not being paid?

That is what Enforcement of Judgments is for, from €2,000 + VAT.

Do you take on any civil case?

No. We accept court work from €10,000 at stake upwards, because below that threshold litigation rarely pays off for the client, and our fees never exceed 20% of the amount in dispute. If your situation fits, you can book a 60 minute Virtual Consultation for €90 (VAT included), deductible from the first invoice if we go on to accept the engagement.

Book your Virtual Consultation today.

Sixty minutes on Google Meet with a qualified lawyer. It costs €90 including VAT and will be deducted from the first invoice if an engagement follows.

Book a Virtual Consultation (€90)Tell us about your matter first

If you book, you will choose your lawyer and a time in Google Calendar. If you would rather tell us about your matter first, we will reply within 24 working hours.