We read the fine print.
Legal analysis in writing on artificial intelligence, data, litigation and cross-border matters, signed by the lawyer who handles those cases.
§ 1
Approach
We write about the work we do.
With the provisions in front of you
Every article cites the rules and the judgments that apply, so that you can check what we say before you take our word for it.
Signed by the lawyer who handles it
They are written by the lawyer who handles that field at the firm and carry their name and date, so you know who is speaking and how current it is.
Prepared with AI, reviewed by the lawyer
We prepare the texts with the help of artificial intelligence, and the lawyer who publishes them reviews and signs them. We explain how we use it.
How we use AIFree, even if you do not need us
Anyone with a matter below our threshold deserves an answer too. If the article is all you need, we are glad; if it is not, we are here.
§ 2
Start here
If this is your first visit, start with these three.
Does the EU KIDS Act apply to your game if you are outside Europe?
The EU KIDS Act does not ban children from online games, but it sets design, age assurance and contact rules for any game offered in Europe.
7 min read#FF3FA4Article 50(2) of the AI Act: the 2 December 2026 marking deadline
The Digital Omnibus deferred one Article 50 obligation by four months. Companies reading it as a reprieve for the whole article have been late since August.
9 min read#2AF598Article 5(1a) of the AI Act: how far the new prohibitions reach providers
Points (ba) and (bb) prohibit the system, not the content. Article 5(1a) decides which providers are inside, and a general-purpose model can be.
11 min read#2AF598§ 3
Archive
Everything we have published, arranged by practice area.
Checking in to a hotel or holiday let in Spain: why you are asked for so much data
Passport, selfie, "número de soporte" and a tourist tax at check-in: what Spanish law requires, what you can skip and how to finish the form.
11 min read#FF3FA4international4guillermo-passas-varoWhy do websites make you pay if you reject cookies?
From the 2011 cookie law to the paid walls of 2024: why UK news sites charge you to refuse cookies, and when that is lawful.
9 min read#40F2FEdata-law2guillermo-passas-varoCan Meta and LinkedIn train AI on your posts and photos?
Meta and LinkedIn can train AI on your public posts unless you object. Who owns your photos, and why the answer shifts across the UK, Ireland and Europe.
10 min read#2AF598artificial-intelligence1guillermo-passas-varoWhat happens to someone's WhatsApp when they die, and what the family can do
No bereavement checklist covers WhatsApp. How families in the UK and Ireland close the account, keep the messages and protect the family group.
8 min read#FF3FA4international4guillermo-passas-varoBranch or subsidiary in Spain: what the parent risks, what it pays and what it signs
A branch makes the parent answer for every Spanish debt and a subsidiary does not, with exceptions. How tax, paperwork, timing and exit compare.
20 min read#FF3FA4international4guillermo-passas-varoEnforcing a UK judgment in Spain: which route applies, what it takes and when it pays
A UK judgment reaches assets in Spain by three routes, decided by when the claim was issued. What to prepare, how it runs and where it fails.
10 min read#FF3FA4international4guillermo-passas-varoHow a civil lawsuit works in Spain after the 2025 reform
Since 2025, Spanish civil claims need a documented ADR attempt and go to new district courts. The route from claim to enforcement, stage by stage.
18 min read#F5C542litigation3guillermo-passas-varoThe Miljödata GDPR fine: when the processor pays for a data breach
Sweden's regulator fined HR software vendor Miljödata SEK 1.8m over a breach affecting 2.2 million people. What processors answer for under the GDPR.
11 min read#40F2FEdata-law2guillermo-passas-varoBrussels Ia under review: which court hears a cross-border case and how its judgment travels
Which EU court hears a cross-border dispute, how its judgment is enforced in another Member State, and why the Commission is now reviewing Brussels Ia.
14 min read#FF3FA4international4guillermo-passas-varoDoes the EU KIDS Act apply to your game if you are outside Europe?
The EU KIDS Act does not ban children from online games, but it sets design, age assurance and contact rules for any game offered in Europe.
7 min read#FF3FA4international4guillermo-passas-varoConnected products under the Data Act: what access by design demands from 12 September 2026
Connected products placed on the EU market from 12 September 2026 must let users reach their own data. What that demands, unit by unit.
10 min read#40F2FEdata-law2guillermo-passas-varoDoes the EU Data Act apply to a SaaS company with no presence in Europe?
The Data Act reaches any SaaS provider with customers in the EU. What a company outside Europe has to change in its contracts before 12 January 2027.
8 min read#40F2FEdata-law2guillermo-passas-varoDo you need a lawyer in Spain? Eight questions to answer before you pay for one
Before you pay a Spanish lawyer, four things decide whether you need one: whose case it is, what's at stake, which deadline is running and what you can spend.
5 min read#FF3FA4international4guillermo-passas-varo
Claiming unpaid invoices in Spain: what the court checks before your claim is admitted
A Spanish court will reject your claim if you cannot show you tried to settle first. What the step requires and which routes it applies to.
8 min read#F5C542litigation3david-sanchez-lorenzoUnpaid Invoice From a Spanish Company? How Debt Recovery Works in Spain
A Spanish company hasn't paid your invoice, and the emails have stopped getting replies. Here's how debt recovery actually works in Spain, and what it costs.
5 min read#F5C542litigation3david-sanchez-lorenzoArticle 50(2) of the AI Act: the 2 December 2026 marking deadline
The Digital Omnibus deferred one Article 50 obligation by four months. Companies reading it as a reprieve for the whole article have been late since August.
9 min read#2AF598artificial-intelligence1guillermo-passas-varoArticle 5(1a) of the AI Act: how far the new prohibitions reach providers
Points (ba) and (bb) prohibit the system, not the content. Article 5(1a) decides which providers are inside, and a general-purpose model can be.
11 min read#2AF598artificial-intelligence1guillermo-passas-varoDigital Omnibus on AI: what the final text changes
The AI Act's high-risk duties have moved to 2027 and 2028. The 2 August 2026 date has not. Which is which, and on what legal basis.
10 min read#2AF598artificial-intelligence1guillermo-passas-varo§ 4
Authors
Signed by the two lawyers who handle those cases.
Guillermo Passas Varo
Founding Partner
I see legal practice as a discipline of precision. I work where the law meets technology and cross-border operations, and I read code and contracts with the same attention. Before accepting an engagement I tell you whether it is worth pursuing and what it costs, at a fixed price.
guillermo-passas-varo7941David Sánchez Lorenzo
Of Counsel
I work where economic law meets technology: litigation, contracts and artificial intelligence systems. I am drawn to the ground where the rules are still being written, and I have brought that same rigour to litigation since my first year in practice.
david-sanchez-lorenzo8281Book your Virtual Consultation with a lawyer. Today.
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